Code generation and allocation method

ABSTRACT

A method of generating and allocating codewords includes allocating one of two selectable codewords b 1  and b 2  as codeword “b” when a preceding codeword “a” and a following codeword “b” form a code stream X, in which the codewords b 1  and b 2  have opposite INV values which are parameters indicating whether the number of ‘1s’ contained in a codeword is an odd number or an even number. When the code stream of the preceding codeword “a” and the following codeword b 1  is X 1 , and when the code stream of the preceding codeword “a” and the following codeword b 2  is X 2 , the codewords are allocated such that the INV values of X 1  and X 2  are maintained to be opposite when the preceding codeword “a” or the following codeword b 1 (b 2 ) (b 1  or b 2 ) should be replaced by another codeword in compliance with a predetermined boundary condition given between codewords. The codewords are allocated so that a DC suppression capability of the code stream can be maintained.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/787,156, filed Feb. 27, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,859,152, which is acontinuation of application Ser. No. 10/125,564, filed Apr. 19, 2002,now U.S. Pat. No. 6,781,527, and also claims the benefit of KoreanPatent Application No. 2001-21360, filed Apr. 20, 2001 in the KoreanIndustrial Property office, the disclosures of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method of generating and allocatingmodulation codes of source codes to be recorded on a recording medium,and more particularly, to a method of generating codewords with arestricted run length and allocating the generated codewords to form acode stream so that a DC control characteristic of the code stream ismaintained.

2. Description of the Related Art

In a Run Length Limited (RLL) code represented by (d, k, m, n), theperformance of a code is evaluated mainly based on a recording densityand a capability to suppress a DC component of the code. Here, “m”denotes the number of data bits (the number of so-called source databits, which is also referred to as the number of information word bits),“n” denotes the number of codeword bits after modulation (the number ofso-called channel bits) of the source data bits, “d” denotes the minimumnumber of a series of ‘0s’ that can exist between ‘1’ and ‘1’ in acodeword, and “k” denotes the maximum number of a series of ‘0s’ thatcan exist between ‘1’ and ‘1’ in a codeword. An interval between thecodeword bits in a codeword is represented by T.

A modulation method, to improve a recording density, is used to reducethe number of the codeword bits “n” while regarding “d” and “m” as givenconditions. In the RLL code, however, “d”, which is the minimum numberof a series of ‘0s’ that can exist between ‘1’ and ‘1’ in a codeword,and “k”, which is the maximum number of a series of ‘0s’ that can existbetween ‘1’ and ‘1’ in a codeword, should be satisfied. If, with this(d, k) condition satisfied, the number of data bits is “m”, the numberof codewords satisfying RLL(d, k) should be equal to or greater ‘1’ and‘1’ in a codeword, should be satisfied. If, with this (d, k) conditionsatisfied, the number of data bits is “m”, the number of codewordssatisfying RLL(d, k) should be equal to or greater than 2^(m). Moreover,in order to actually use this code, run length constraints, that is,RLL(d, k) conditions, should be satisfied in a part where a codeword islinked to another codeword. In addition, when the DC component of a codeaffects the system performance, it is desirable to use a code which hasa DC suppression capability.

The main reason for suppressing the DC component in the RLL modulatedcode stream is to minimize an effect of a reproducing signal on a servoband. Hereinafter, methods of suppressing the DC component will bereferred to as Digital Sum Value (DSV) control methods.

The DSV control methods can be broadly classified into two types. One isa method having a DSV control code itself, where the DSV control code iscapable of controlling a DSV. The other one is a method of inserting amerge bit at each DSV control time. An Eight to Fourteen Modulation plus(EFM+) code performs DSV control using a separate code table while theEFM code or a (1, 7) code performs the DSV control by inserting themerge bit.

Therefore, the shape of the prior art modulation code group having theDSV control code itself capable of controlling suppression of the DCcomponent and satisfying the conditions described above is as shown inFIG. 1, in which each of a predetermined number of main conversion codegroups has a corresponding code group for controlling suppression of theDC component. Each main conversion code group and the corresponding codegroup form a pair so that the DC component can be suppressed andcontrolled. In this case, there are some characteristics in thecodewords of predetermined main conversion code groups. That is, thereare no identical codewords between the main conversion code groups A andB. If duplicated codes are used, there might be the main conversion codegroups C and D for demodulating the duplicated codes, where there are noidentical codewords between the main conversion code groups C and D, butcodewords in the main conversion code group A or B may be in the mainconversion code group C or D for demodulating duplicated codes. Thenumber of codewords in the main conversion code groups A and B and themain conversion code groups C and D for demodulating duplicated codes is2^(m) if the number of bits in the source word before conversion is “m”.

If corresponding code groups E through H are DC suppression control codegroups used for suppressing the DC components together with the mainconversion code groups A through D, respectively, the characteristics ofcodewords in each of the corresponding code groups E through H are thesame as the characteristics of codewords in the main conversion codegroups A through D, respectively. That is, the same conditions forgenerating duplicated codewords or the same conditions for determiningthe number of lead zeros in a codeword are applied to each of the DCsuppression control code groups E through H for controlling suppressionof DC components and the main conversion code groups A through D.

For example, the characteristics of the EFM+ code, which is used incurrent Digital Versatile Discs (DVD), has a run length condition ofRLL(2, 10) and a codeword length (n) of 16 bits, is as shown in FIG. 2.The main conversion code groups are MCG1 (“A” in FIG. 1) and MCG2 (“B”in FIG. 1) and the conversion code groups for demodulating duplicatedcodes are DCG1 (“C” in FIG. 1) and DCG2 (“D” in FIG. 1). There are fourDSV code groups (“E˜H” in FIG. 1) which make pairs with respectiveconversion code groups to control suppression of DC components. Thereare no identical codewords between the four conversion code groups andthe four DSV code groups which are code groups for controlling DCcomponents.

Also, the conditions for generating duplicated codewords in the entirecode groups are the same, and the characteristics of codewords in eachcode group pair that can control DC components (MCG1 and the first DSVcode group, MCG2 and the second DSV code group, DCG1 and the third DSVcode group, or DCG2 and the fourth DSV code group) are the same.

That is, a codeword having a continuous sequence of from 2 to 5 zerosfrom the Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the codeword is generated usingduplicated codewords. This rule is applied to each code group in thesame manner. In each of the codewords of the first DSV code group forcontrolling suppression of DC components, which controls suppression ofDC components together with the main conversion code group MCG1, thereis a continuous sequence of between 2 and 9 ‘0s’ from the MostSignificant Bit (MSB). In each of the codewords of the second DSV codegroup for controlling suppression of DC components, which controlssuppression of DC components together with the main conversion codegroup MCG2, there is either 0 or 1 ‘0’ continuing from the MSB.

Some bits (here, b15(MSB) or b3) in the codewords of the third DSV codegroup control the suppression of the DC components together with thecorresponding conversion code group DCG1 for demodulating duplicatedcodes are ‘0b’, while some bits (here, b15(MSB) or b3) in the codewordsof the fourth DSV code group for controlling suppression of DCcomponents control the suppression of the DC components together withthe corresponding code group DCG2 for demodulating duplicated codes, andsome bits (here, b15(MSB) and b3) are ‘1b’. In developing 8 to 15modulation code which has an advantage in the recording density aspectcompared to the prior art modulation method EFM+ which uses themodulation code group shown in FIG. 1 or 2, the original characteristicsof a code stream change when a change occurs in a codeword because of aboundary rule applied to the locations adjacent to a boundary whichconnects a codeword to another codeword.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To solve the above and other problems, it is an objective of the presentinvention to provide a method of generating and allocating codewordshaving a run length restriction so that original characteristics of acode stream are maintained without change even when a codeword isreplaced according to a boundary rule when the code stream is allocated.

Additional objects and advantageous of the invention will be set forthin part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obviousfrom the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

To achieve the above and other objects according to an embodiment of thepresent invention, there is provided a method of generating andallocating codewords of source words which are to be recorded on arecording medium, the method including generating codewords satisfyingpredetermined run length conditions and grouping codewords according toeach run length condition; and allocating the codewords such that acode(word) for the source word is capable of controlling suppression ofDC components.

It is preferable that when a predetermined boundary condition is notsatisfied in the code stream, allocating codewords such that codewordswhich satisfy the boundary condition and maintain the DC controlcharacteristics which are considered when the initial codewords areallocated replace the initial codewords.

The generating of the codewords includes generating codewords satisfyingthe length of a predetermined first codeword, and predetermined runlength conditions, grouping the codewords according to eachpredetermined run length condition to generate a main conversioncodeword table; generating DC control codewords satisfying the length ofa predetermined second codeword, and predetermined run length conditionsin order to control DC components in the code(word) stream, grouping theDC control codewords, and generating a code conversion table forcontrolling DC components; and generating additional DC controlcodewords by taking codewords which satisfy the predetermined run lengthconditions and are not needed in the main conversion codeword table, andgrouping the additional DC control codewords.

Also, there is provided another allocation method of allocatingcodewords generated for source words to be recorded on a recordingmedium, the method including when a preceding codeword “a” and afollowing codeword “b” form a code stream X, allocating one of twoselectable codewords b1 and b2 as codeword “b”, in which codewords b1and b2 have opposite INV values which are parameters indicating whetherthe number of ‘1s’ contained in a codeword is an odd number or an evennumber and when the code stream of “a” and b1 is X1, and the code streamof “a” and b2 is X2, allocating codewords such that the INVs of X1 andX2 are maintained to be opposite when “a” or b1(b2) (b1 or b2) should bereplaced by other codewords in compliance with a predetermined boundarycondition given between codewords.

It is preferable that when the predetermined boundary condition is thatthe number of continuous ‘0s’ between codewords should be at least 2,and when the number of continuous ‘0s’ from the Least Significant Bit(LSB) of the codeword “a” in the Most Significant Bit (MSB) direction is0, and the number of continuous ‘0s’ from the MSB of the codewords b1 orb2 in the LSB direction is 1, code changes of either the codeword “a” orb1(b2) (b1 or b2) occur to satisfy the boundary condition.

It is preferable that when the number of continuous ‘0s’ between thecodewords “a” and “b” is 1 or 0, the codeword “a” or “b” is changed suchthat the number of 0s forming the boundary is greater than 2 and lessthan 10.

It is preferable that the codeword “a” of the code stream X1 and thecodeword “a” of the code stream X2 are changed to other codewords suchthat the resulting codewords “a” of code streams X1 and X2 have the sameINV value, and as a result, by the INVs of codewords b1 and b2 followingthe codewords “a” respectively, the INVs of the X1 and X2 becomedifferent.

Also, there is provided an allocation method of allocating codewords ofsource words to be recorded on a recording medium, the method includingwhen a preceding codeword “b” and a following codeword “c” form a codestream Y, allocating one of two selectable codewords b1 and b2 as thecodeword “b”, wherein codewords b1 and b2 have opposite INVs which areparameters indicating whether the number of ‘1s’ contained in a codewordis an odd number or an even number and when the code stream of b1 and“c” is Y1, and the code stream of b2 and “c” is Y2, allocating codewordssuch that INVs of Y1 and Y2 are maintained to be opposite when thecodeword b1, b2, or “c” should be replaced by another codeword incompliance with a predetermined boundary condition between codewords.

It is preferable that when the predetermined boundary condition is thatthe number of continuous ‘0s’ between codewords should be at least 2,and when the number of continuous ‘0s’ from the Least Significant Bit(LSB) of the codeword “c” toward the Most Significant Bit (MSB) is 1,codeword “b” which does not satisfy the boundary condition and isxxxxxxxxxxx1001 or xxxxxxxxxx10001 appears in both b1 and b2.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects and advantageous of the invention will becomeapparent and more readily appreciated from the following description ofthe preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example of a conventional modulation codegroup;

FIG. 2 is a table showing characteristics of codewords included in themodulation code group of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method of generating and allocatingcodes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a main code conversion table showing a variety of codewordgroups and characteristics of codewords in each codeword group;

FIG. 5 is a corresponding code conversion table showing a variety of thecodeword groups for DC control and characteristics of the codewords ineach codeword group;

FIG. 6 is an auxiliary conversion table showing a variety of thecodeword groups for DC control and characteristics of the codewords ineach codeword group;

FIG. 7 is a diagram for showing what should be considered for the runlength conditions between adjacent codewords “a” and “b”;

FIG. 8 is a table showing an example of changes in INV values of codestreams before code conversion and after code conversion when the runlength conditions described in FIG. 7 are not satisfied;

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of code stream branches havingselective codewords b1 and b2 for DC control;

FIG. 10 is a graph showing a relationship between INV values of a codestream pair:

FIGS. 11A through 11E are the main code conversion code tables of FIG.4;

FIGS. 12A through 12J are the corresponding code conversion tables forDC control of FIG. 5;

FIGS. 13A and 13B are the auxiliary code conversion tables for DCcontrol of FIG. 7; and

FIG. 14 is a graph showing a difference between a frequency spectrumwhen codewords of the corresponding code conversion table for DC controlaccording to the embodiment of the present invention are used in 25% ofall of the codewords, and the frequency spectrum when prior art EFM+modulation codewords are used.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferredembodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustratedin the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer tothe like elements throughout. The embodiments are described in order toexplain the present invention by referring to the figures.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method of generating and allocatingcodes according to the present invention. According to the method ofgenerating and allocating codewords of source words to be recorded on arecording medium, the codewords satisfying predetermined run lengthconditions are generated and the generated codewords are groupedaccording to each run length condition in operation 300. The codewordsare allocated so that the code (word) streams for source words arecapable of controlling DC components in operation 310. It is determinedwhether or not predetermined boundary conditions are satisfied in thecode stream in operation 320. If the conditions are not satisfied, thecodewords are replaced by codewords satisfying the boundary conditionswhile the DC control characteristics are maintained even when theoriginal codewords are allocated in operation 330.

Code tables of the codewords for source code conversion are roughlydivided into three types: 1) a main conversion table, 2) a correspondingconversion table for controlling DC components, and 3) an auxiliaryconversion table for controlling the DC components.

FIG. 4 is a table showing a variety of codeword groups of a mainconversion table and the characteristics of codewords in each codegroup. It is assumed that “d” denotes the minimum run length limit of aseries of continuous “0”s of a codeword, “k” denotes the maximum runlength limit of a series of continuous “0”s of a codeword, “m” denotesthe number of bits of source data, “n” denotes the number of bits of acodeword after modulation of the source data, End Zero (EZ) denotes thenumber of ‘0s’ in a continuous sequence from the LSB of a codeword in adirection toward the MSB of the codeword, and Lead Zero (LZ) denotes thenumber of ‘0s’ in a continuous sequence from the MSB of a codeword in adirection toward the LSB of the codeword. For example, codewords thatsatisfy d=0, k=10, m=8, n=15, 0≦EZ≦8 are divided according to thefollowing LZ conditions:

1) number of codewords satisfying 2≦LZ≦10: 177

2) number of codewords satisfying 1≦LZ≦9: 257

3) number of codewords satisfying 0≦LZ≦6: 360

4) number of codewords satisfying 0≦LZ≦2: 262

If the number of bits of the source data satisfies m=8, the number ofcodewords for conversion should be 256 or more. However, in condition1), the number of codewords does not amount to 256. Therefore, thenumber of codewords in condition 1) can amount to 256 by taking somecodewords from a condition having a surplus number of codewords. In thiscase, 83 codewords from the codewords satisfying group 3)'s LZ conditionmay be taken and added to group 1). Then, the numbers of codewordsincluded in conditions 1) through 4) are 260, 257, 277(=360−83), and262, respectively, and satisfy the minimum number of modulationcodewords, that is, 256 for 8-bit source data. In the table of FIG. 4,Main Code Group 1 (MCG1) is the name of a code group containingcodewords satisfying condition 1) and some (83) codewords are taken frommain code group 3 (MCG3) satisfying condition 3). MCG2 and MCG4 are thenames of codewords satisfying condition 2), and 4), respectively. MCG3is the name of codewords satisfying condition 3), excluding the 83codewords taken by MCG1. In each of the main code groups MCG1 throughMCG4, only 256 codewords can be used as conversion codes for sourcecodes.

FIG. 5 is a corresponding conversion table showing a variety of codewordgroups for the DC control and the characteristics of codewords in eachcodeword group. For example, assuming that d=2, k=10, m=8, n=17, and0≦EZ≦8, conversion code tables for controlling DC components may includethe following 4 groups (corresponding to DCG1, DCG2, DCG3, and DCG4 ofFIG. 5, respectively) according to the LZ conditions:

1) number of codewords satisfying 2≦LZ≦10: 375

2) number of codewords satisfying 1≦LZ≦9: 546

1) number of codewords satisfying 0≦LZ≦6: 763

1) number of codewords satisfying 0≦LZ≦2: 556

Each group forming the corresponding conversion table for controllingthe DC components should have at least 2 codewords that selectivelycorrespond to one source data, and therefore should have at least 512(=2⁸+2⁸) codewords for 8-bit source data. Since the number of codewordsin the code group satisfying the LZ condition 1) is less than 512, codegroup 1) can take surplus codewords from other code groups satisfyingother LZ conditions to amount to the number of 512. For example, in theabove embodiment, code group 1 DCG1 may take 177 codewords from the codegroup 3 DCG3 satisfying the condition 3) so as to have 552 (=375+177)codewords.

FIG. 6 is an auxiliary conversion table showing a variety of codewordgroups for the DC control and the characteristics of codewords in eachcode group. For example, among codewords satisfying d=2, k=10, m=8, andn=15, codewords satisfying 9≦EZ≦10, the remaining codewords of the maincode conversion groups (MCGs), and codewords satisfying LZ=7, 8 or LZ=4,5 are used as codewords of auxiliary code groups (ACGs) for controllingthe suppression of the DC components. The conditions for generatingthese codewords will now be explained in detail. The followingconditions correspond to ACG1 through ACG4, respectively, which arenames of the auxiliary conversion table for controlling the suppressionof the DC components:

1) 5 codewords (satisfying 9≦EZ≦10 and LZ≠0)+the remaining 4 codewords(in the MCG1)=9 codewords,

2) 5 codewords (satisfying 9≦EZ≦10 and LZ≠0)+1 remaining codewords (inthe MCG1)=6 codewords,

3) 5 codewords (satisfying 9≦EZ≦10 and LZ≠1)+15 codewords (satisfying7≦LZ≦8 and 0≦EZ≦8)+21 remaining codewords (in MCG3)=41 codewords,

4) 7 codewords (satisfying 9≦EZ≦10+the remaining 6 codewords in theMCG4)+85 codewords (satisfying 3≦LZ≦5 and 0≦EZ≦8)=98 codewords.

When a codeword “a” and a codeword “b” are connected, the junction wherethe two codewords are connected should satisfy a run length (d, k)condition. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing what should be considered for therun length conditions when the codewords “a” and “b” are connected.Satisfying the run length condition means that in FIG. 7 a valueobtained by adding the end zero (EZ_a) of the codeword “a” and the leadzero (LZ_b) of the codeword “b” is equal to or greater than the minimumrun length “d” and equal to or less than the maximum run length “k”.

FIG. 8 is a table showing an example of changes in INV values of codestreams (whose meaning will be described below) before code conversionand after code conversion when the run length conditions described inFIG. 7 are not satisfied. The codeword “b” is determined in a groupindicated by the EZ of the preceding codeword “a”. When the codeword “a”or “b” is included in a code group, in which the number of the codewordsis not enough to meet the condition, and is taken out from other codegroups, the (d, k) condition may not be satisfied. In this example, theEZ of codeword “a” changes to satisfy the run length condition, which isreferred to as the boundary rule. A variable INV value, which indicateswhether the number of ‘1s’ in a codeword stream is an even number or anodd number, may change from a previous INV value while the codeword “a”is not changed, according to the boundary rule (condition). Due to thischaracteristic of the INV value or the boundary rule, attention shouldbe paid when a codeword is allocated according to code conversion tablesto control the suppression of the DC components.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of code stream branches havingselectable codewords b1 and b2 for the DC control. One of the majorfeatures of the code conversion of the present invention is that thecodewords of two code conversion tables that can be selected for the DCcontrol are allocated so that they have opposite INV characteristics(values). When the previous INV value changes according to the boundaryrule as described above, if the INV values of both the codewords in thetwo selectable code conversion tables change, then there will be noproblem. Otherwise, characteristics of codewords having opposite INVvalues cannot be obtained. For this reason, a code conversion table isdesigned to consider the following.

First, in FIG. 9, at a junction A where the codeword “a” and thecodeword “b” are connected to each other, if b1 and b2, which can beselected as the codeword “b”, are codewords taken out from DCG 11 andDCG12, respectively, the codewords are regrouped in the codewords DCG1according to the code conversion table shown in FIG. 5 after beingseparated from the codewords DCG3 to correspond to the same source codebut have different INV values. If the codewords b1 and b2 are codewordsof MCG1 and MCG2, respectively, then codewords in which LZ_b1 (thenumber of LZs of codeword b1) and LZ_b2 (the number of LZs of codewordb2) are 1 are allocated on the location. By doing so, when the EZ of thecodeword “a” is ‘0’, according to the boundary rule, the INV value ofthe codeword “a” is changed in both the code stream containing thecodeword b1 and the code stream containing the codeword b2, or the INVvalue of the codeword “a” does not change in either the code streamcontaining the codeword b1 or the code stream containing the codewordb2, such that the INV values of the two code streams are maintained tobe opposite. An example is as follows:

source data 250 224 27 code 000001000010001 000001000001001010010010000000 stream1 (before (MCG3) (MCG1) (MCG1) con- version) code000001000010001 000001000001000 010010010000000 stream1 (after con-version) INV1 1 1 0 code 000001000010001 000001000001001 010010000000000stream2 (before (MCG3) (MCG1) (ACG1) con- version) code 000001000010001000001000001000 010010000000000 stream2 (after con- version) INV2 1 1 1

Next, in another junction B of FIG. 9, that is, at the junction B wherethe codeword “b” and codeword “c” are connected to each other, if thecodewords b1 and b2 are respectively included in code conversion tablesDCG11 and DCG12, DCG21 and DCG22, DCG31 and DCG32, DCG41 and DCG42, MCG1and ACG1, MCG2 and ACG2, MCG3 and ACG3, or MCG4 and ACG4, and(xx)xxxxxxxxxxx1001 or (xx)xxxxxxxxxx10001 as shown in FIG. 8, the INVvalue may change according to the boundary rule due to the LZ of thefollowing codeword “c”. Therefore, these codewords b1 and b2 areallocated to the location for corresponding same source data in eachtable such that the INV values of the two code streams are maintained tobe opposite. An example is as follows:

source data 250 152 210 code stream1 000001000010001 01000000010001001000000100000001 (before conversion) (MCG3) (DCG11) (MCG1) code stream1000001000010000 01000000010001001 000000100000001 (after conversion)INV1 0 0 0 code stream2 000001000010001 01001000010001001010000001001001 (before conversion) (MCG3) (DCG12) (MCG1) code stream2000001000010000 01001000010001001 010000001001001 (after conversion)INV2 0 1 1

For the junctions A and B of FIG. 9, the codewords are first allocatedto the location corresponding same source data in each code conversiontable (DCG11 and DCG12 or MCG1 and ACG1) considering the above.Referring to the following example, in the junction B, according to theboundary rule, the INV values of code stream 1 and code stream 2 aremaintained to be opposite and the INV values of code stream 3 and codestream 4 are maintained to be opposite. Also, at the junction B,according to the boundary rule, the INV values of code stream 1 and codestream 3 are maintained to be opposite and the INV values of code stream2 and code stream 4 are maintained to be opposite.

source data 250 152 7 code stream1 000001000010001 01000000010001001010000010010001 (before conversion) (MCG3) (DCG11) (MCG1) code stream1000001000010000 01000000010001000 010000010010001 (after conversion)INV1 0 1 1 code stream2 000001000010001 01000000010001001010010010010001 (before conversion) (MCG3) (DCG11) (ACG1) code stream2000001000010000 01000000010001000 010010010010001 (after conversion)INV2 0 1 0 code stream3 000001000010001 01001000010001001010000010010001 (before conversion) (MCG3) (DCG12) (MCG1) code stream3000001000010000 01001000010001000 010000010010001 (after conversion)INV3 0 0 0 code stream4 000001000010001 01001000010001001010010010010001 (before conversion) (MCG3) (DCG12) (ACG1) code stream4000001000010000 01001000010001000 010010010010001 (after conversion)INV4 0 0 1

As described above, considering changes in the INV value of a codeworddue to the boundary rule in a codeword stream, codewords are allocatedso that the INV values (polarities) of a codeword pair after modulationof the source data is always maintained to be opposite. FIG. 10 is agraph showing the relationship of the INV values of this code streampair. If codewords are allocated such that the INV values of a codestream pair are always opposite, a codeword can be selected so that acode stream having the DC components between the code stream pair isformed.

Exceptions to the rule that INV values are maintained to be opposite atthe junction A of FIG. 9 may occur when the amount of the source data isfrom 251 to 255 in the code conversion table for controlling the DCcomponents. In such exceptional cases, the CSV signs of the codewordsare made to be opposite so that the difference between DSV values in thecode stream pair is made.

FIGS. 11A through 11E are the main conversion tables in which codewordsare generated and allocated after the conditions described above arecondsidered.

FIGS. 12A through 12J are the corresponding conversion tables for DCcontrol in which codewords are generated and allocated after theconditions described above are considered.

FIGS. 13A and 13B are the auxiliary code conversion tables for the DCcontrol in which codewords are generated and allocated after theconditions described above are considered.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the difference between a frequency spectrumwhen codewords of the code conversion table for the DC control accordingto the embodiment of the present invention are used in 25% of all of thecodewords, and another frequency spectrum when prior art EFM+ modulationcodewords are used. The graph shows that in a low frequency band, thefrequency spectrum of the code words (modulated code stream) accordingto the present invention is almost the same as the frequency spectrum ofthe EFM+, which indicates that the code stream of the present inventionhas almost the same capability of suppressing the DC components as thatof the EFM+ method.

Accordingly, since the present invention uses 15-bit codes as the mainconversion code and selectively uses 17-bit DC control codes forcontrolling DC components, the present invention has better efficiencyin recording density than the prior art EFM+ code and has the same DCsuppression capability as the EFM+ code.

According to the present invention, by using a short codeword havingless bits as a main conversion codeword, high efficiency is achieved inrecording density.

Also, when codewords which do not satisfy the run length conditions arereplaced by other codewords, the codewords are allocated so that the DCsuppression capability of the code stream can be maintained, andtherefore a higher DC suppression capability of the code stream isprovided.

Although a few preferred embodiments of the present invention have beenshown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat changes may be made in this embodiment without departing from theprinciples and sprit of the invention, the scope of which is defined inthe claims and their equivalents.

1. A method of generating and allocating codewords of source words whichare to be recorded on a recording medium, the method comprising:generating codewords satisfying predetermined run length conditions andgrouping codewords according to each run length condition; andallocating the codewords in a code stream such that a codeword for thesource word controls suppression of DC components of the code stream,wherein in order to make the code stream controlling the suppression ofthe DC components, allocating the codewords such that a pair of the codestream and an additional code stream having opposite INV characteristicsare formed, where the INV characteristics indicate whether the number of‘1s’ is an odd number or an even number.
 2. A method of generating andallocating codewords of source words which are to be recorded on arecording medium, the method comprising: generating codewords satisfyingpredetermined run length conditions and grouping codewords according toeach run length condition; and allocating the codewords in a code streamsuch that a codeword for the source word controls suppression of DCcomponents of the code stream; and when a predetermined boundarycondition is not satisfied in the code stream, allocating the codewordssuch that the codewords which satisfy the boundary condition andmaintain the DC control characteristics replace initial codewords,wherein the generating of the codewords comprises: generating thecodewords satisfying the length of a predetermined first codeword andpredetermined run length conditions, and grouping the codewordsaccording to each predetermined run length condition to generate a mainconversion codeword table; generating DC control codewords satisfyingthe length of a predetermined second codeword, and predetermined runlength conditions in order to control the DC components in the codestream, and grouping the DC control codewords, and generating a codeconversion table for controlling the DC components; and generatingadditional DC control codewords by taking the codewords which satisfythe predetermined run length conditions and are not needed in the mainconversion codeword table, and grouping the additional DC controlcodewords.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein when the bit length of thesource word is 8, the length of a codeword in the main conversion codetable is 15 bits.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the main conversioncode table contains groups of codewords, the codewords each having from2 to 10 Lead Zeros (LZs), from 1 to 9 LZs, from 1 to 6 LZs, and from 0to 2 LZs, while having from 0 to 8 End Zeros (EZs).
 5. The method ofclaim 4, wherein among the groups of the main conversion code table, agroup having a lesser number of codewords than the minimum number ofcodewords for converting the source data takes surplus codewords from agroup having a greater number of codewords than the minimum number ofcodewords so as to amount to the minimum number of codewords.
 6. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the length of the codewords of the DC controlconversion code table is 17 bits.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein theDC control conversion code table contains groups of codewords, thegroups formed of a group of codewords of which LZ is from 2 and to 10, agroup of codewords of which LZ is from 1 to 9, a group of codewords ofwhich LZ is from 0 to 6, and a group of codewords of which LZ is from 0to 2, while EZ is from 0 to
 8. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein eachcode group of the DC control conversion table has as many codewords as asource word can correspond to pairs of codewords, each pair of codewordshas opposite INV characteristics and is selectable.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein among the groups of the DC control conversion codetable, a group having a lesser number of codewords than the minimumnumber of needed codewords takes surplus codewords from a group having agreater number of codewords than the minimum number of codewords, so asto have equal to or greater than the minimum number of codewords. 10.The method of claim 6, wherein the auxiliary DC control conversion tablecomprises: a group of codewords, each having a length of 15 bits, havingfrom 9 to 10 EZs, and having at least one LZ, and codewords which aretaken from surplus codewords of the first main conversion code group; agroup of codewords, each having a length of 15 bits, having from 9 to 10EZs, and having at least one LZ, and codewords which are taken fromsurplus codewords of the second main conversion code group; a group ofcodewords, each having a length of 15 bits, having from 9 to 10 EZs, andhaving no LZ, the surplus codewords of the third main conversion codegroup, and having 7 to 8 LZs, or having 0 to 8 EZs; and a group ofcodewords, each having a length of 15 bits, and having 9 or 10 EZs, thesurplus codewords of the fourth main conversion code group, and having 3to 8 LZs and 0 to 8 EZs.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein when thecode stream pairs are a, b1, c and a, b2, c, respectively, and b1 and b2are DC control codewords having opposite INV characteristics, codewordsare allocated such that the INV characteristics of code streams afterconversion are maintained to be opposite even if code changes of a, b1,b2, or c occur due to violation of the predetermined run length betweena, and b1(b2) or b1(b2) and c.